Diversity Is The Changing Demographics And Economics Of...

Concept paper By Masereh Jallow Topic: Diversity in Nursing Page 1 Topic: Diversity in Nursing Diversity: The changing demographics and economics of our growing multicultural world, and the long-standing disparities in the health status of people from culturally diverse backgrounds has challenged health care providers and organizations to consider cultural diversity as a priority. Culture is one of the organizing concepts upon which nursing is based and defined. Leininger (2002) defines culture as a set of values, beliefs and traditions that are led by a specific group of people and handed down from generation to generation. Culture is learned shared and transmitted values, life way practices of a particular group that guides thinking, decisions and actions in particular way. The most primary means to transmit culture and preserve it is communication (Berenson LD, 2011) Test book. Culture is not static; it is a dynamic ever-changing process. Cultural values and norms differ from one society to another. In health care settings, cultural awareness, sensitivity, and competence behaviors are necessary because even such concepts as health, illness, suffering, and care mean different things to different people. Knowledge of cultural customs enables health care providers to provide better care and help avoid misunderstandings among staff, residents/patients, and families. Understanding of cultural diversity is vital at allShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Diversity On Strategic Marketing1556 Words   |  7 PagesThe impact of diversity in strategic marketing in today’s society has increased in the American population. Before we get in depth with this let’s find out what is diversity marketing according to (diversity marketing) Customers in different cultures have different values, experiences, expectations, and ways of interacting. 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Alcohol in Colonial America Free Essays

The first settlers arrived to the Americas and staked their claim on this new discovery. Something else was waiting for the settlers, a beverage of intoxication. Almost as quickly as they began to organize and sub-divide the land, the immigrants, and true natives to North America shared their beloved drink: alcohol. We will write a custom essay sample on Alcohol in Colonial America or any similar topic only for you Order Now Cultures of varied races arrived and shared in this most cherished drink. There were uses for alcohol in the earliest colonial times that went beyond a beverage to drink in festive gatherings. There are varied beliefs surrounding the conception of alcohol consumption and its effects on British Colonies. Some are true, others are false. I will construct an investigation surrounding the history of alcohol in Colonial America with persuasive evidence to support my findings. Alcohol, also commonly referred to as spirits in Colonial America had many uses. Alcohol, of course, was used in festive times, but it was also used in religious ceremonies as well and providing medicinal properties to aid in curing ailments. The initial impact of alcohol on the settlers led them to accept it for its varied uses. Although moderate use of alcohol was accepted, society, from its inception into the Americas, frowned upon individuals becoming overly intoxicated. In other words, drunkenness was viewed negatively. Since alcohol was considered a â€Å"gift from the gods† to the natives, the settlers, too, accepted its mind-altering properties as something almost sacred. The growing communities treasured it, just as the natives did. Time and abuse were two components that led to problems for alcohol consumption. Due to its success in the minds of settlers, they partook in alcohol consumption for all three meals of the day: beer with breakfast, hard cider with lunch, beer with supper. In fact, beer and hard cider were the most popular drinks for colonists. As the drinking continued, they wanted to learn how to brew beer. One of the initial problems—aside from increasing abuse of alcoholic drunkenness—was the lack of sufficient ingredients. Barley, grains, hops, and yeast were the main ingredients in a brewing beer. The colonies did not have an ample selection of hops and grains. Harvesting of barley and hops was not a common crop among farmers of this era. Many colonists tried different ingredients, but nothing satisfied the perfect blend of hops, barley, yeast, and grain. By the late 1600’s, cider became a top choice among colonists, mainly due the apple crops that were prevalent in colonial times. Mass production through efficient farming and harvesting by colonists was seen. Thanks again to England for the apples. Farmers increased their work load mainly due to the reward of the final product: cider matured into hard cider (which included alcohol). With the increasing popularity of beer and cider, the settlers discovered a need to increase their selection. The settlers started to import inexpensive yields of sugar cane and molasses to brew another popular drink: rum. Rum quickly gained in popularity for the following reasons: it was cheap to produce and tasted good. By 1700, in Boston, the first commercial distillery was opened. The increase in rum consumption was the first challenge to the beer market. Religion and alcohol found a common link. In fact, many taverns were required to be built near churches or the local town meeting house. The religious zealots accepted alcohol consumption—strictly in moderation, though. Drunkenness, of course, was viewed as sinful. Alcohol soon became a problem in the eyes of the church and laws were established surrounding alcohol. In 1697, in New York, they enacted a law that required all taverns to be closed on Sunday. They required that the Sabbath be set aside as a day solely for reconciliation with the Lord and prayer. In conjunction with the closure of taverns on Sundays, the church required further regulations against alcohol consumption on Saturday nights as well. The main concern for the church was that taverns were gaining more popularity than the Sunday services. The Reverend Charles Woodmason went one step further and cautioned parishioners with the thought that there was a competition between the church and tavern for souls. Reverend Charles was quoted was saying the following, the taverns had â€Å"more company of a Saturday, than in the church on Sunday. † As colonists went into the early part of the 19th century, religion encouraged moderation in any and all alcoholic drinks. Alcohol, aside from the churches persistent concern over drunkenness and a loss of parishioner appeal, had other uses. Alcohol was also widely used in the field of medicine. Many doctors and medical practitioners believed that some of the stronger spirits could prevent disease, cure some common infections, and offer relief to minor aches and pains such as headaches, sore joints and muscles. In these instances, doctors would prescribe rum, hard cider, or whiskey. Doctors also encouraged patients to increase alcohol consumption to relieve emotional or stressful problems in their daily life. In fact, doctors went so far as to prescribe families to drink alcohol in lie of water. They thought that water brought from Europe was contaminated, and, thus, could lead to serious illness. Alcohol consumption was also prescribed to children suffering from viral infections as well as aiding in their development into a stronger, more physically fit individual. A little whiskey and honey went a long way for a sick child. The unusual, or even outlandish, practices went further still: doctors prescribed hard liquor to women who were in labor, a means of numbing some of the intense pain suffered during labor. Midwives would brew what was coined â€Å"groaning ale. This groaning ale contained extremely high contents of alcohol and special spices, all in hopes of easing the child bearing pains. A variation to groaning ale was used by some doctors. This was a little less toxin on the mother and baby. Doctors concocted spirits that were used as an anesthetic. This anesthetic was less expensive and more readily available from household to household than the hard spirits used i n the groaning ale. Alcohol, as with many new products brought to civilized society, began as an innocent and purely beneficial product. Beyond the stress-reducing capacity for hard cider or beer, the early nutritionists thought alcohol had great nutritional value and needed to be added to a person’s health-conscious daily diet regime. Due to this initial nutritious appeal, politicians did not, initially, write legislation limiting alcohol consumption. It was not until 1619, in the state of Virginia, that the first law was passed to control alcohol use. Policy maker main objective was to restrict â€Å"drunkenness,† not prohibit the use of alcohol. This first law enacted a penalty against drunkenness which stated that if you were arrested for being drunk and disorderly, then the fine would be up to 5 shillings or imprisonment. In time, however, politician modified the law to only include a monetary infraction. The reasoning behind this law was because the lower-classes tended to be the ones caught in public, and politicians felt a fine would be viewed as more distressing to the lower-class and curtail drunkenness. The next state to enact legislation surrounding alcohol consumption was Maryland. In Maryland, in 1639, they attempted to limit the amount a person drank. According to law, it was illegal to be drunk in public: â€Å"drunkenness† was defined as â€Å"drinking with excess to the notable perturbation of any organ or sense of motion. † The penalty was the same as in Virginia: 5 shillings. In 1645, Massachusetts jumped on the alcohol bandwagon, passing a law that restricted the amount an individual could consume at any period of time. The law stated the following, â€Å"The courts consider it illegal to drink more than a pint of wine at a time. † Anything over a pint constituted inebriation. On top of this, Massachusetts instituted another statute for ale houses and tavern owners. This statute made it illegal for owners to serve a customer beyond the legal limit, a difficult law to follow. With this statute, however, both the proprietor and customer could be fined for disobeying this law (Austin, Gregory p. 230). The Plymouth colonies chose a different slant in enacting their alcohol legislation. Unlike the Virginian definition for â€Å"drunkenness,† in the Plymouth colony the focus was on motor skills. Plymouth went so far as to define the term which constituted a universal view—throughout almost every colony—that alcohol is not healthy, nor should it be considered beneficial to a person’s health. The Plymouth definition was as follows: they viewed being drunk—not by loss of mobility or amount consumed—but instead by the person’s ability speak clearly: â€Å"A person that lisps or faulters in his speech by reason of drink, or that vomits, or cannot follow his calling. † (Austin, Gregory, p. 240) When we look at gender, women were not considered part of the drinking culture. Most often, women drank in private (Salinger, Sharon p 223). According to historical record, women rarely drank in public in colonial times. It was viewed as unacceptable for a woman. Policy makers enacted different conditions and consequences for each gender. Women were rarely seen in bars and taverns in this period. The brewing of beer, up until the late 1700’s, was an art left for the women to complete. Men would be off at work during the day and women kept the house in order, which included beer and liquor. Home-brewing was very common. In fact, most households that drank brewed their own ale. The Spaniards arrived in the 1700’s and brought wine to the colonies. At the time, vineyards were unheard of; thus, without grapes they could not cultivate, ferment, and produce wine in the colonies. It was brought over on ship. The French soon followed and were able to cultivate the grapes on colony soil. Wine consumption gained in popularity, yet the hard cider was still the preferred drink among the middle class. Germans, too, became part of the alcohol dynamic. The Germans brought better techniques to brewing fine ales and were the first to bring ‘lagers’ to the Americas. All of these countries brought new ideas and new brewing methods to the colonies. In conclusion, it is apparent that the initial discovery of alcohol for the colonies was viewed as a sacred drink. The colonists took the vision of the natives and brought it into their lives as a daily staple. The harms and potential for dangerous situations soon became rampant with all the drunken colonists. Laws were passed and changes were made in various colonies in hopes of curtailing the problems associated with drunken behavior. Even the churches got involved. As new cultures landed from various countries, they discovered new varieties on crafting a very popular beverage. Regardless of all the dangers associated with alcohol consumption, I believe it’s going to continue to be a drink enjoyed throughout the world. How to cite Alcohol in Colonial America, Papers

Trade Fairs and exhibitions and their economic impact on companies and countries free essay sample

marketing event. They are organized so that companies in a specific industry can showcase and demonstrate their latest products, service, study activities of rivals and examine recent market trends and opportunities. In contrast to consumer fairs, only some trade fairs are open to the public, while others can only be attended by company representatives (members of the trade, e.g. professionals) and members of the press, therefore trade shows are classified as either Public or Trade Only. A few fairs are hybrids of the two; one example is the Frankfurt Book Fair, which is trade-only for its first three days and open to the general public on its final two days. They are held on a continuing basis in virtually all markets and normally attract companies from around the globe. Trade shows and events have a detailed history of bringing together traders and customers, both B2B and B2C, under a single roof. At the worst point of the economic downturn a high number of businesses chose to withdraw from exhibiting at shows internationally. As a result of most companies getting out of the perils of the recession the attractiveness of exhibitions is beginning to increase again too. It presents companies with the opportunity to generate brand awareness to potential customers that they might not be able to reach using other promotional methods. Impact on companies Exhibitions as marketing tools Trade shows tend to be a celebration of success with successful companies exhibiting and successful companies visiting. Throughout the ages, trade fairs have been recognized as one of the most efficient and powerful tools for effectively doing business. They are a major portion of the marketing mix in the industrial marketplace. As a face-to-face meeting point, fairs and exhibitions are basically a target opportunity for achieving your trade objectives. They are a cost-effective means to reach your market audience in one time and in one place. There are not many other promotional methods that have the versatility to potentially appeal to all five senses. Key advantages of participating in a trade show Customer contact: Trade shows provide excellent venues for initiating contacts with new customers and developing new trade leads. Equally important they enable you to maintain and renew contacts with valued clients. An exclusive and favourable marketing tool as customer grievances or enquiries can be dealt with in person whilst providing businesses the chance to receive valuable criticism from previous and present customers. Product and service launch platforms: Live presentations and Demonstrations of your products and services speak for themselves, accelerating the selling process and generating new sales. introduction of new products to a large number of people. Depending on your type of business, product and market testing can be carried out at trade shows and exhibitions to gain industry or general opinion about your offering Marketing communications: Trade fairs focus media attention on your Company and products. Public relations efforts can be focused to raise the profile of your company image and brands. Exhibitions are open to a large and sometimes diverse range of audiences (usually the general public). This provides you with a perfect platform to promote your product or service to a broader group that may have little or no knowledge of your products and services. Improves corporate image, creates brand awareness Enhances goodwill, Exposes promising customers, Gains company publicity A high return/expense ratio: Trade shows are known to have a high return/expense ratio. An EEAA (Exhibition Association of Australia) survey showed that an average expenditure of 9% of companies marketing budgets in trade far events resulted in a return of 23% of business. Gathers competitor information: offers management the opportunity to walk around the exhibition themselves and inspect what the competition is doing and offer ideas on how they can improve what they are offering. Enable participants to stay on top of the latest industry trends, obtain competitor insights, as well as get new information of different fields. Being involved in a trade show or exhibition can provide you with opportunities to branch out to business-to-business trading Major exhibitions are global ‘meetings places’ providing a highly cost efficient environment in which very senior management can meet with other senior management to discuss partnerships and  joint ventures, to maintain and deepen business relationships and to identify new business opportunities. Disadvantages and risks of trade shows Confusing environment found in large shows Excessive frequency of trade shows High and rising costs of participation – travelling to the trade shows, displaying Trade shows require at least a day and probably more of your time. There will probably be quite a bit of competition at all shows. Choosing the wrong trade show to exhibit your businesss products or services can result in displaying to the wrong audience. Poor promotion can mean the costs of attending the trade show outweigh any revenue you gain. Impact on countries Trade and consumer shows enhance a city’s position in the marketplace Brings multiple economic benefits and job opportunities to local communities and cities. Trade shows not only directly generate business, jobs and government revenues, but also indirectly bring other multiple values both locally and nationally such as education and entertainment Connects individuals with feature product or service launches Problem-solving, education and networking opportunities Exhibitions make a significant contribution to many business sectors around the world. The more global a business sector the more important the role of trade shows in introducing vendors to buyers and ensuring that industry players maintain contact with industry developments Direct Benefits Direct revenue sources from trade and consumer shows include administration costs, hall or booth rental, employment spending, shipping costs, as well as spending on hotels and lodging, local attractions, entertainment, and restaurants. In order to set a trade or consumer show, a show producer or organizer has to conceptualize and develop the show, advertise and promote the show as well as to sell the show. They have to move in, set up, execute the show, move out, and do follow up. Behind the show, general contractors work with decorating, pope and drape set up, booth set up, carpet rental,  furniture rental, signage and graphics, on-site coordination of the show, advance planning for the show, cleaning, as well as drayage and material handling. In addition, specialty contractors who work with these shows include florists, catering, photography, transportation, telephone/internet/fax, booth personnel, AV rentals, security, electrical, plumbing/air/water, exhibit design and construction and publicity. These services directly create a great amount of revenues for local businesses and tax revenues. Trade and consumer shows also provide opportunities for tourism operators to promote their businesses directly to the tourism industry and purchasing consumer. Through trade and consumer shows, a city has a strong presence among brand retailers, tourist boards, business operators, and resort exhibitors who come to the city to interact directly with local citizens as well as tourists. Indirect Benefits Enhancing local brand recognition, increasing number of visitors, educate people, increase investment from people worldwide, promote a city, and other potential benefits. The Future of Trade Shows For thousands of years, men and women have gathered together in marketplaces to see, touch, smell and taste products, to shop, commune with their peers, catch up on the latest news/gossip, network, transact business and otherwise enjoy being together. While the marketplaces and products have varied over time and place, human beings still desire the opportunity to experience the marketplace firsthand all of this, in spite of the rise of online commerce, globalization, the Internet, mobile, telepresence and social networking technologies. Many predicted the demise of trade shows in the late 90s as the Dot.com era exploded. However, as weve clearly seen, trade shows as modern day face-to-face marketplaces have not fallen prey to the Internet; rather, I believe, they are more valued than ever. We are analog human beings in a digitized world. We crave physical stimuli and social interaction. Why do the masses still flock to the shopping malls every holiday when they can shop online from the comfort of their homes? Conclusion Trade shows have both pros and cons but I personally look into its advantages as it offers an opportunity to showcase its products in one location, and also it can create awareness in new prospects, reinforce existing customer relationships, provide product demonstrations for evaluation, and allow sales of products on the spot.