Biography of Sir Isaac Newton, Influential Scientist

Account of Sir Isaac Newton, Influential Scientist Sir Isaac Newton (Jan. 4, 1643â€March 31, 1727) was a hotshot of material science, math, and stargazing even time permitting. He involved the seat of Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge in England, a similar job later filled, hundreds of years after the fact, by Stephen Hawking. Newton imagined a few laws of movement, persuasive numerical principals which, right up 'til the present time, researchers use to clarify how the universe functions. Quick Facts: Sir Isaac Newton Known For: Developed laws that clarify how the universe worksBorn: Jan. 4, 1643 in Lincolnshire, EnglandParents: Isaac Newton, Hannah AyscoughDied: March 20, 1727 in Middlesex, EnglandEducation: Trinity College, Cambridge (B.A., 1665)Published Works: De Analysi per Aequationes Numero Terminorum Infinitas (1669, distributed 1711), Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (1687), Opticks (1704)Awards and Honors: Fellowship of the Royal Societyâ (1672), Knight Bachelor (1705)Notable Quote: If I have seen farther than others, it is by remaining upon the shoulders of goliaths. Early Years and Influences Newton was conceived in 1642 of every a home in Lincolnshire, England. His dad had kicked the bucket two months before his introduction to the world. At the point when Newton was 3 his mom remarried and he stayed with his grandma. He was not inspired by the family ranch, so he was sent to Cambridge University to contemplate. Newton was brought into the world only a brief timeframe after the passing of Galileo, probably the best researcher ever. Galileo had demonstrated that the planets spin around the sun, not the earth as individuals suspected at that point. Newton was keen on the disclosures of Galileo and others. Newton thought the universe worked like a machine and that a couple of straightforward laws administered it. Like Galileo, he understood that science was the best approach to clarify and demonstrate those laws. Laws of Motion Newton planned laws of movement and attraction. These laws are math equations that clarify how items move when a power follows up on them. Newton distributed his most celebrated book, Principia, in 1687 while he was an arithmetic teacher at Trinity College in Cambridge. In Principia, Newton clarified three fundamental laws that oversee the manner in which items move. He additionally depicted his hypothesis of gravity, the power that makes things tumble down. Newton at that point utilized his laws to show that the planets rotate around the suns in circles that are oval, not round. The three laws are regularly called Newton’s Laws. The main law expresses that an item that isn't being pushed or pulled by some power will remain still or will continue moving in an orderly fashion at a consistent speed. For instance, in the event that somebody is riding a bicycle and bounces off before the bicycle is halted, what occurs? The bicycle proceeds until it falls over. The propensity of an item to stay still or continue moving in an orderly fashion at a consistent speed is called latency. The subsequent law clarifies how a power follows up on an article. An item quickens toward the path the power is moving it. On the off chance that somebody jumps on a bicycle and pushes the pedals forward, the bicycle will start to move. On the off chance that somebody gives the bicycle a push from behind, the bicycle will accelerate. On the off chance that the rider pushes back on the pedals, the bicycle will back off. On the off chance that the rider turns the handlebars, the bicycle will alter course. The third law expresses that if an item is pushed or pulled, it will push or pull similarly the other way. On the off chance that somebody lifts an overwhelming box, they go through power to push it. The case is overwhelming in light of the fact that it is creating an equivalent power descending on the lifter’s arms. The weight is moved through the lifter’s legs to the floor. The floor additionally presses upward with an equivalent power. On the off chance that the floor pushed back with less power, the individual lifting the crate would fall through the floor. On the off chance that it pushed back with more power, the lifter would fly open to question. Significance of Gravity At the point when the vast majority consider Newton, they consider him sitting under an apple tree watching an apple tumble to the ground. At the point when he saw the apple fall, Newton started to consider a particular sort of movement called gravity. Newton comprehended that gravity was a power of fascination between two articles. He likewise comprehended that an article with progressively matter or mass applied the more prominent power or pulled littler items toward it. That implied that the enormous mass of the Earth pulled objects toward it. That is the reason the apple tumbled down rather than up and why individuals don’t skim noticeable all around. He additionally felt that perhaps gravity was not simply restricted to the Earth and the articles on the earth. Imagine a scenario where gravity reached out to the Moon and past. Newton determined the power expected to keep the Moon moving around the earth. At that point he contrasted it and the power that made the apple fall descending. In the wake of taking into consideration the way that the Moon is a lot farther from the Earth and has an a lot more noteworthy mass, he found that the powers were the equivalent and that the Moon is likewise held in circle around Earth by the draw of earth’s gravity. Questions in Later Years and Death Newton moved to London in 1696 to acknowledge the situation of superintendent of the Royal Mint. For a long time a while later, he contended with Robert Hooke over who had really found the association between circular circles and the backwards square law, a question that finished distinctly with Hookes passing in 1703. In 1705, Queen Anne offered a knighthood to Newton, and from that point he was known as Sir Isaac Newton. He proceeded with his work, especially in science. This prompted another question in 1709, this time with German mathematician Gottfried Leibniz. The two of them squabbled about which of them had developed analytics. One purpose behind Newtons questions with different researchers was his mind-boggling trepidation of analysis, which drove him to compose, however then delay distribution of, his splendid articles until after another researcher made comparative work. Other than his prior compositions, De Analysi (which didnt see distribution until 1711) and Principia (distributed in 1687), Newtons distributions included Optics (distributed in 1704), The Universal Arithmetic (distributed in 1707), the Lectiones Opticae (distributed in 1729), the Method of Fluxions (distributed in 1736), and the Geometrica Analytica (imprinted in 1779). On March 20, 1727, Newton kicked the bucket close to London. He was covered in Westminster Abbey, the principal researcher to get this honor.â Heritage Newton’s counts changed the manner in which individuals comprehended the universe. Before Newton, nobody had the option to clarify why the planets remained in their circles. What held them set up? Individuals had imagined that the planets were held set up by an undetectable shield. Newton demonstrated that they were held set up by the sun’s gravity and that the power of gravity was influenced by separation and mass. While he was not the main individual to comprehend that the circle of a planet was prolonged like an oval, he was the first to clarify how it functioned. Sources â€Å"Isaac Newtons Life.†Ã‚ Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences.â€Å"Isaac Newton Quotes.†Ã‚ BrainyQuote, Xplore.â€Å"Sir Isaac Newton.†Ã‚ StarChild, NASA.

Inheritance Of Tools Essay Example for Free

Legacy Of Tools Essay Glessing 1 The Passing Down of Tools Inheriting instruments permits my family to pass on ages of difficult work, detail, and accuracy. I am the beneficiary of the tremendous, dark, Severson drill press given to me by my extraordinary granddad, who came over from Germany in 1902. I don't have the foggiest idea whether you have ever observed a Severson drill press, yet the craftsmanship is something to be glad for. Everything is hand made, pulleys, outfits, and even the key that fixes the throw. My granddad who acquired this drill press from his dad just passed it down to me. I can recollect unlimited hours viewing my granddad working with the press, penetrating gaps in distraction bodies or simply doing random temp jobs for the neighbors. He generally revealed to me the sang watch out for the metal and not on the bit since its not the bit that your name Glessing 2 is on the item the bit makes. This sang periodically has gone through my head when I think about my granddad be that as it may, never more so when he was in the emergency clinic a year ago dieing of lung disease. I recall that Monday simply like yesterday. I was sitting behind the drill press fixing a wheel bushing on the neighbors Toro garden trimmer. It was a monstrous, red, bit of garbage, however all the time my granddads sang continue resounding in my mind its your name on that activity. I at that point hustled to wrap up the wheel to one half-inch breadth and started embeddings the long metal sleeve into the wheel when the telephone rang. I addressed it was my grandma, she sounded concerned, she unobtrusively asked, May I talk with your dad. This was a somewhat new improvement since it was never my grandma who called requesting my dad it was forever my granddad searching for a chasing amigo or somebody to assist him with dealing with his old, rusted, pink, 1958 Cadillac. I before long felt chills running down my spine I quickly shut off the enormous press as it came to a standstill I heard my father say Glessing 3 gee golly! I had no clue about what was happening could this be a lethal coronary episode, or possibly a straightforward motor issue in his Cadillac that my granddad was too obstinate to even consider conveying to my dad. My granddad has had numerous past medical issues however most of them were heart related. I before long ignored the discussion since at times my father would in general flip out at exceptionally little moment things. I needed to complete thisâ lawnmower for the neighbor since his garden looked like a green alpha field after an immense windstorm. I fired up the old dark press with a clang and a blast the immense wheel that drove the toss had broken. The teeth spun off the riggings like spread off of a hot ear of corn. I was alarmed I thought how am I going to have the option to fix this. Fortunately simply like in the story Inheritance of Tools, by Mr. Sanders, my dad had shown me numerous aptitudes: including welding, machining and cabinetry. In spite of the fact that my aptitudes are entirely different than that of Mr. Sanders stories they have a similar essential idea, taking in an ability from a dad or granddad. Glessing 4 I at that point started to dismantle the colossal nut that hangs on the fundamental pulley of the tremendous apparatus driven set up. Fortunately, the pulley teeth would have been salvageable with a bit of filling, concerning the pulley, it required broad welding. I at that point pivoted and ran for the enormous white three-story farmhouse that had been in the family for a long time. I was exceptionally intrigued to check whether my dad would go angling like he had arranged before that day or on the off chance that he was going to enable my granddad to chip away at his vehicle. He serenely stated, Your granddad isnt well. I tongue in cheek said what another stopped up vein. Since the new joke in our family was which one of grandpas supply routes is going to stop up straightaway. My granddad had a loathsome eating issue. He ate eggs and bacon for breakfast singed chicken for lunch and for the most part meat portion for supper, my top choice. My dad snickered I think to help the mind-set for what he had in store to let me know. He stated, No his voice harsh however yet very. I stated, at that point what's up with him. My dad rehashed the most destroying word to me, he has lung malignancy and the specialist Glessing 5 has allowed him fourteen days to live. I can relate this inclination to that of the story ËÅ"Inheritance of devices Mr. Sanders was educated regarding his dads passing after he had utilized the very devices his dad had passed on to him. I felt a similar way, my granddad was not dead, which I was exceptionally appreciative, however he was close to dead. The amazing distant man I watched make distractions, fix neighbors extends and be the motivation of a decent sang was not going to be here any longer. That was what was the hardest for me as I might suspect it was additionally for Mr. Sanders in ËÅ"Inheritance of instruments. The way that the man you admired the manâ that encouraged you everything would have been gone. I had numerous things streak through my brain yet in the wake of everything was finished, and the unpleasant anticipation penetrated my psyche, I really was exceptionally furious. ËÅ"Why does god need to take my granddad now I yelled to whom ever could hear. Sanders and I did what I feel was the best thing anybody can do; carry on the custom and inheritance of your adored one. Regardless of whether it is helping other people, making goose distractions or in Sanders Glessing 6 case telling his child the best way to pound a nail. I feel in any event, rehashing the old sang, regularly utilized by my granddad when I was youthful, You can not value a few things until you are more established, helps carry on the convention of the huge dark Severson drill press and all the information that goes with it. I shook off the updates on my granddads terminal conclusion and I ambled pull out to the shed and started to weld. I envisioned my granddad there welding endlessly on a similar pulley as I might have been, since there were past welds on the equivalent blurred dark pulley. I at that point contemplated internally of another old apparently silly sang my granddad had educated me regarding welding and life by and large. He said its not what you see outwardly of the pulley its what gets inside that matters. I have attempted to comprehend that sang for a long time now and it reminds me simply like sanders beat up thumb helped him to remember his dad. I wish my granddad was as yet alive today and I would ask him what that implies, yet since he isn't I will attempt to answer it as well as can be expected. I presently think my granddad was attempting to impart in me, when Glessing 7 I was youthful was that of difficult work, accuracy, and above all else to regard individuals as you might want to be dealt with. American Society is so judge mental of garments and gems that we once in a while observe what is inside, we just observe, as my granddad stated, what can be ground off. Glessing 8 Sanders, Scott. Our Lives Our Worlds a Thematic Reader.Ed. Richard M. Shaw, et.al. Orlando: Harcourt, 2001. 5-12.

Essay on the Next Global Stage Free Essays

string(48) financial foundation of the globalization so far. [pic] SEMINAR CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT Essay on ?The Next Global Stage ? By Kenichi Ohmae 2005, Pearson Education, Inc, distributing as Wharton School Publishing, New Jersey. ATLANTIC INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY HONOLULU, HAWAI July 2007 Introduction In his book, The Next Global Stage, Challenges and Opportunities in our Borderless World, the writer Kenichi Ohmae, one of the world’s driving business and corporate planners, makes the key point that Globalization is a reality, staying put and relentless. What's more, we are moving to the following worldwide stage, drove by the world first class of â€Å"internet-ians†, a sort of worldwide clan, and our pioneers in a borderless world. We will compose a custom paper test on Paper on the Next Global Stage or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now Ohmae doesn't address at any second the maintainability of the worldwide world development model, nor the rules that standard globalization, nor the human privileges of various nations, nor some other qualities. He acknowledges that benefit and the thriving and even riches are a piece of the entrepreneur worldwide world . Those nations, areas all the more so in his phrasing, companies or people that don't have the adaptability to adjust to the new reality will be cleared out by the monetary and social powers developing and driving globalization. The creator clarifies in detail, the key drivers of the globalization, for example, the â€Å"no theory† of the economy elements, the influence of the essential stages for progress and development, the English language of Microsoft PC working frameworks, or the commonness of worldwide brands. He calls attention to the new face innovation is giving the world and instances of governments which put monetary flourishing at the front line of their plans, autonomous of the political framework, I. e. China, other non law based nations and nations with a political framework dependent on singular opportunity. Ohmae centers around the specialized limits and aptitudes that the pioneers of the new worldwide world must have so as to prevail in it. It is an extremely intriguing book that offers a dream of financial development where the fundamental target is to draw in the cash as speculation, nearby or outside, to those zones that make the waitlist of most fascinating spots to contribute and make riches. Ohmae portrays the aptitudes expected to succeed in it and the attributes of productivity and intensity that pull in financial specialists. His perspective is that of the capital, without considering the opportunity or human rights issues in human social and monetary development. In this sense the book is disputable. It doesn't address Globalization and clarifies with generally excellent contentions the guide to achievement in it. The transcendence of the capital over some other creation factor or human improvement is accepted. Ohmae is one of the most renowned tacticians, business people, and scholastics in business and the board speculations and practices. He concedes that customary monetary speculations don't work any longer and that the contextual analysis approach, in view of gaining from an earlier time and generally followed in western colleges needs importance to the future and is out of date to investigate and find out about the new real factors. He is an adherent to advancement and administration as a way to improve the abilities of future business pioneers (and political ones, autonomously of their belief system, incomprehensibly enough). I will break down, create and remark on the fundamental thoughts contained in this significant book, recommendable to every one of those managing in the improvement of monetary, business and the board speculations and practices. Regardless of whether one is an expert or a scholarly, I imagine that a large number of the thoughts are exceptionally pertinent to our worldwide world. In the event that you need to prevail in it, this book contains numerous plans for progress. The inquiry that I will be attempting to reply all through this paper is whether you can skirt the subject of the model of monetary development in a feasible manner for the planet. What's more, along these lines for mankind . I will add my plans to the investigation in the ends. I will begin my examination of the book by talking about the key thoughts. Section 1: The Stage The world as a phase World wide music visits are an image of globalization . The creator utilizes â€Å"Riverdance†, the Irish melodic with its Celtic music and Irish moving, as an analogy for the worldwide economy. It is started and performed by members of various nationalities and is delighted in numerous nations or ‘stages’. It is a typified case of players in the worldwide stage. The worldwide economy is imperceptible, yet its belongings are apparent all through the world. We are players on the worldwide stage and we as a whole vibe its belongings, regardless of where they occur. Ohmae says that China is the nation that is profiting the most from worldwide economy, particularly those areas like Dalian, that have a methodology of being alluring with impetuses to draw in direct remote Investment or DFI . China can't be viewed as a solidarity however as a gathering of districts with various methodologies and levels of political and financial autonomy. As a general rule, those areas are rivaling each other for venture and assets, not from China, however from the outside world. Ohmae clarifies the instances of two nations that have grasped globalization, for example, Ireland and Finland. The first by pulling in DFI and the subsequent one by holding onto the internationalization as the regular circumstance, in addition to the advancement and information based economies that the two nations advance. They have accepted the entire world as their normal market, and they have not been financially nationalistic. What is the Global Economy? x Borderless Tariffs are vanishing, however fringes despite everything exit for individuals and products for security and wellbeing. In any case, regarding the key elements of business life, the world has gotten borderless. These business factors are assigned as the four C’s : correspondences, capital, partnerships and buyers. - Effective correspondences, with the advancement of web in the mid-1990s onwards the world is getting genuinely borderless. The subsequent C, capital, helped by the deregulation of money related markets, is likewise a recipient of a borderless world with the US dollar the financial foundation of the globalization up until now. You read Paper on the Next Global Stage in classification Exposition models - The third C, enterprises, have been effectively reacting to the globalization by finding their capacities in various nations, in other words, for instance, RD in Switzerland, Engineering in India, Financing in London, and so on - And the last C, shoppers, empowered by the web to look at costs and items and settling on considerably more educated decisions. And furthermore the items are made in various nations, e. x. its texture in one nation, its collecting procedure in another and its structure in a third one. . Imperceptible Transactions and repayments of cash currently happen for the most part on and through PCs. Besides the B2B exchange trades, or as C2C barters. Most ATMs around the globe give cash in the neighborhood money with outside charge cards. It is extremely unlikely that administrations can comprehend what you have pulled back and spent abroad or the amount you have gone through with a charge card to buy merchandise and ventures across national outskirts. Digital associated The worldwide economy would not be conceivable without the digital innovation permitting a lot of information to be moved unfathomably rapidly. The web is just its most open piece. Voice over IP (Internet Protocol) is quickly encouraging and making less expensive the interchanges. Everything and everyone with access to the web can associate. . Estimate d in products â€Å"Money causes the world to go round†. Cash is the primary and practically single an incentive in the worldwide economy. Investors request to make the most of business openings with desires for benefit. Ohmae states that the present globalization process is in its earliest stages and more changes, a significant number of them lasting, will proceed to profit the world. Globalization is a chance to make more riches and success, up to one has the plans or abilities important to prevail in it. His view stands out obviously from the negative assessments of these equivalent highlights communicated by other biology arranged creators and financial specialists. As I would like to think, we must be certain and inside the worldwide stage and build up the aptitudes that speak to an advancement ofhumanity towards a superior stage,provided that utilizing those attributes to make monetary motivators depend on the upkeep and recovery of the manageability of the planet. At the end of the day, I imagine that including new â€Å"values in the market† economy can coordinate or divert improvement towards those manageability esteems, for example, security of human rights, opportunity, vote based system and insurance of the earth. In my judgment, that is the place a portion of the safeguards of a collectivist way to deal with improvement aren't right. The human individual flourishes in a free worldwide stage that ensures and advances the correct qualities with an administrative system dependent on opportunity and majority rules system, so the planet can build its riches and arrive at all the sides of it. Premiere night: Globalization began with the most significant Earth-changing occasion . The premiere night of free enterprise turns around the data and telecoms upheaval, with Bill Gates as the encapsulation of this new time. The fall of Soviet socialism was because of the opening of Russia (The Soviet Union) on account of Gorbachev and his changes with the â€Å"glasnost† (straightforwardness). This was another key change towards a borderless globalized world. The dollar as the world money after the understanding of the G5 in New York, and the flexibilization of cash conversion standard. The Fiscal upheaval to battle Budget deficiency in the 80’s in the USA was another key factor for the financial insurgency openly money manageme

Compare and Contrast Wilde and Hardy's Presentation of the Fallen Coursework

Thoroughly analyze Wilde and Hardy's Presentation of the Fallen Woman - Coursework Example He delineates the sort of lady Tess depicts by placing it her portrayal in the story. In an awesome way, he utilizes portrayal to feature realities about ladies. Solid incites more compassion through his depiction of Tess than Wilde due to the deliberate way he gives her anguish. To begin with, Tess is seeing someone she hopes to turn out, yet has a mystery that when uncovered can wreck the relationship. Tough clarifies the way Alec got hold of Tess while in the forested areas and attacked her without thinking about the consequences2. Solid could have decided to limit the languishing over this lady, yet rather includes more. Heavenly attendant, Tess accomplice, leaves for Brazil on understanding that she was assaulted leaving her without someone to nurture her injured heart. Tess wishes that Alec was a healthy youthful rancher as opposed to being that whole Angel loathed. Likely, being only a rancher would have reduced Angel’s heart into pardoning her. Pinnacle of passionate c ompassion happens when she needed to get executed for killing Alec. As I would like to think, she had the right to get absolved in light of the fact that her activities towards Alec depended on the agony she felt and the torment he had caused her. Solid acquires more compassion the manner in which he depicts Tess as the dismissed lady. She is left to conceive an offspring in her town notwithstanding that her kid is of an extremely well off man. In spite of having recently conveyed, she needs to guarantee her endurance by filling in as a field hand which prompts the demise of her youngster. Strong guarantees that Tess’ adversities are expounded in a described manner. Then again, Wilde utilizes various characters to depict a fallen lady. The primary character could be Mrs. Arbuthnot since she holds a dull mystery of how she neglected to stop her issue with the ruler ace. Her undertaking prompted the development of a child without any father present. Wilde’s character doe sn't incite a great deal of compassion since; she has gained a decent name and carries on with a decent life. Mrs. Allonby has had a great deal of contentions throughout her life coming about to a coquettish woman. Miss Hester can be utilized to depict a fallen lady since she is a vagrant and has needed to observe the weaknesses of life, regardless of being a heiress3. What's more, Jane can be distinguished as a sign of a fallen lady in the piece in light of the fact that the manner in which she contends her focuses. Her contentions portray a lady of incredible obliviousness and absence of training. Tess is utilized to show the diverse enduring ladies experience and the how agonizing occasions can simultaneously happen in a person’s life4. Tough uses her to show the various manners by which ladies are treated in the general public. During a discussion with Alec, Tess attempts to draw out her own pondering religious philosophy by dismissing sign journalists expressions of judg ment. Her contention is absolutely disregarded Hardy essentially on the grounds that he figured her free-thought could be ascribed to only a replication of holy messengers. The way that Tess’ thoughts are not made up to something shows how the creator utilized Tess to delineate ladies in specific social orders. Conversely, Mrs. Arbuthnot is a lady who lost her significant other however has increased a ton of regard from the individuals of her town. Her regard s earned from helping poor people and her disregard to connect with different individuals in get-togethers. Tess is recognized as lady with 6th grade preparing in comprehension and duplicating contentions. She appears to be astute and could have succeeded as educator on the off chance that she was given an opportunity. This demonstrates

When Your Fears About Dying Are Unhealthy

When Your Fears About Dying Are Unhealthy Phobias Print When Your Fears About Dying Are Unhealthy By Angela Morrow, RN linkedin Angela Morrow, RN, BSN, CHPN, is a certified hospice and palliative care nurse. Learn about our editorial policy Angela Morrow, RN Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on November 28, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD on November 28, 2019 PeopleImages/Getty Images More in Phobias Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment Types The fear of death and dying is quite common, and most people fear death to varying degrees. To what extent that fear occurs and what it pertains to specifically varies from one person to another. While some fear is healthy because it makes us more cautious, some people may also have an unhealthy fear of dying. Who Fears Death? The fear of death is so common that it has spurred multiple research projects and intrigued everyone from scholars to religious leaders. There is even a field of study called thanatology  which examines the human reaction to death and dying. Some interesting findings have emerged from studying the fear of death. According to the 2017 Survey of American Fears conducted by Chapman University,?? 20.3% of Americans are afraid or very afraid of dying. Its worth noting that this survey includes other responses that involve death which is more specific. For example,  murder by a stranger (18.3%) and murder by someone you know (11.6 %) are also included. Interestingly, almost as many Americans (20%) fear public speaking. This thought has prompted comedian Jerry Seinfeld to quip,?? This means to the average person, if you go to a funeral, youre better off in the casket than doing the eulogy. Women have generally shown a greater tendency to fear death versus men. This is possibly due to the fact that women are more likely to admit to and discuss such fears. The fact that, historically, men are more likely to believe in dying for a cause or purpose may also contribute to this. Some researchers will argue that young people fear death more than the elderly. However, one study conducted among dying people in Taiwan showed that the fear of death actually did not decrease with increased age.?? Additionally, the same study showed that a patients fear of death decreased after they were admitted to hospice care. Its possible that this was a result of the education and holistic emotional and spiritual support patients receive from members of the hospice team. Types of Death Fears It is possible to break down our general fear of death into several specific types of fears. Fear of Pain and Suffering Many people fear that when they meet death, they will experience excruciating pain and suffering. This fear is common in many healthy people, as well as in patients dying of cancer or other terminal illnesses. Unfortunately, many people do not realize that palliative care can help alleviate pain and other distressing symptoms. Fear of the Unknown Death remains the ultimate unknown because no one in human history has survived it to tell us what really happens after we take our last breath. It is human nature to want to understand and make sense of the world around us. The reality is that death can never be fully understood by anyone who is living. Fear of Non-Existence Many people fear the idea that they will completely cease to exist after death occurs. We might typically associate  this fear with atheists or others without personal spiritual or religious beliefs. The truth is that many people of faith also worry that their belief in an afterlife isnt real after all, or that they did not earn eternal life while alive. Fear of Eternal Punishment Similar to the fear of non-existence, this belief does not apply only to devout believers of religious or spiritual faith. Many people â€" regardless of their religious persuasion or lack of spiritual beliefs â€" fear that they will be punished for what they did, or did not do, while here on earth. Fear of Loss of Control Human nature generally seeks to control the situations we encounter, but death remains something over which we have absolutely no control. This frightens many people. Some may attempt to exert some form of control over death by behaving in an extremely careful manner to avoid risks or undergoing rigorous, frequent health checks. Fear of What Will Become of Our Loved Ones Another very common death fear focuses on the worry of what will happen to those entrusted to our care if we die. Parents, for example, might worry about a newborn or child. Family members providing home care-giving to a loved one might fear that no one else can handle their patients many needs and demands. Someone in the prime of their life might feel afraid at the thought of leaving a spouse or partner alone due to death. Healthy vs. Unhealthy Fear of Death In general, the fear of death can actually prove healthy for human beings. When we have a fear of dying, we often act more carefully and take appropriate precautions to minimize risks, such as wearing seat belts or bike helmets. A healthy fear of death can also remind us to make the most of our time here on Earth and not to take our relationships for granted. Fearing the reality of death might also push us to work harder in order to leave a lasting legacy. George Bernard Shaw perhaps summed it up best by saying, I want to be thoroughly used up when I die, for the harder I work the more I live. On the other hand, a fear of death can sometimes prove so severe that it interferes with someones daily life. Known as thanatophobia, this intense, often irrational fear of death can consume someones thoughts. It may even affect the most basic decisions they make, such as refusing to leave the house just to bring in the mail. A Word From Verywell Being afraid of death is natural and many people share in this fear to some extent. If you suspect your fear has risen to the level of thanatophobia, it is best to seek assistance from a trained mental health professional.

Science and Technology in Ancient Egypt - Free Essay Example

Geographically, the valley of the Nile is the great protagonist of the Egyptian civilization. This valley has an arid and hostile desert that, according to Soravilla Espa?, the Egyptians knew as the Red Land. The fertile land, or Black Land, Egypt, was divided into 2 clearly differentiated zones, one zone is the Nile Valley and the other zone is the Nile Delta. The Black Land was periodically bathed by the waters of the Nile River. This land was fertile thanks to the floods of the river and the minerals in suspension that it contained. The Nile valley ends near Cairo, a little to the north. This is where the Nile Delta begins. In this place the river divides into several arms forming meanders and swampy areas, until it ends at the Mediterranean Sea. (Soravilla Espa?, page 16) These two geographical areas divided Egypt into two parts. The part of the valley was the Upper Egypt, and the part of the Delta was the Lower Egypt. Kings of the Upper Egypt during the Predynastic period proceeded to conquer the delta unifying the two territories. The last of those conquerors was King Narmer. His successor named Aha or Menes founded the capital of the kingdom in Memphis, which was strategically in the place of encounter between the Valley of the Nile and the Delta. (What life was like, page 12) The geographical location of Egypt marked the culture and beliefs of its people. Life there was very difficult: on the one hand there was the proximity of the desert, a place where life was practically impossible and on the other hand there was the dependence on the flows of the Nile river for survival. This made the Egyptians exposed and highly dependent on the effects of nature. Due to these circumstances the Egyptians relied on the help of the gods to prosper. Religion touched all aspects of life in ancient Egypt, and it affected the development of science and technology. Another important tool for the development of sciences was the apparition of writing. With the help of the writing system they were able to record thoughts or ideas, and to share them with others. Within the beliefs of ancient Egypt was the idea of a life beyond death. For the Egyptians it was very important to keep the body healthy in this life as well as in the next. Due to this idea, mummification systems were developed to preserve the bodies for the next life. This practice also helped them to learn concepts of human anatomy. For example, they knew that the heart was a fundamental part of being able to live. In order to protect the body in life the Egyptians developed medicine, although it was strongly linked with magic or superstition. According to Veiga, medicine was practiced using the written word to heal the sick person as well as to prevent illness in the healthy, and to protect the dead in their passage to the afterlife. The Egyptians had a concept called Hekka that mixed medicine and magic into one whole. Doctors or healers used prayers or spells to heal in addition to ointments and medicines that they made with elements that nature provided them. (Veiga, page 28) Just as spells were used to heal, they were also used to cause illness to others. These prayers used the power of the written word to conjure spirits of the underworld to make alterations in the living through a figure or statue that represented the target person. These statuettes were buried in tombs belonging to a young woman or someone who had died of a violent death. (Veiga, page 29) To protect themselves from diseases caused by bad spirits, many Egyptians used amulets to protect themselves. For example, the parents sought the protection of the gods, attaching amulets and pendants around the babies necks. Some of the pendant cases contained papyrus scrolls with prayers and spells to drive away maladies. (What life was like page 57) As mentioned earlier, medicine had a magical component centered on the written word. The people who could exercise it were those who could read and write such as scribes, priests, kings or people of high social rank. There were also doctors who had assistants, nurses, midwives, and therapists. According to Herodotus, on his writings about his trip to Egypt, he could see that the doctors were specialized in some medical areas, for example there were doctors dedicated to ophthalmology; since eye diseases and blindness were very common in the ancient Egypt. There were also doctors dedicated to internal medicine, gynecology, or dentists who extracted teeth or joined false ones. As with medicine, religious beliefs also led the Egyptians to develop a system for measuring time. Religion and the need to know when the floods of the Nile river occurred, a factor of vital importance for the survival of the Egyptians, led the ancient inhabitants to observe the sky, and invent the calendar to indicate religious festivals and to know how close there the annual flood of the river was. According to Juan Antonio Belmonte, in his article on Astronomy in Egypt, the origin of the calendar, the first astronomical observations are located right at the beginning of Egyptian civilization, during the Predynastic period (3500-3050 BCE), as well as during the reign of the first pharaohs of the Dynasty II (2857-2705 BCE). The Egyptians used two types of calendars to measure the passage of time. One of them was the lunar calendar. This calendar was based on the cycle of the moon, where 29 or 30 days were counted from the first new moon to the next. According to the lunar calendar, the year consisted of 3 seasons of 4 months. The beginning of the year was announced by the star they called Sopdet (Sirius) that appeared just on the horizon at nightfall around the time of the flooding of the Nile River (What live was like page 22) The lunar calendar was not a perfect measurement of time since it was not possible to predict which was the first day of each month. During the unification of Egypt, the civil bureaucracy needed a more efficient system that could unify the life of the country. A civil calendar was made, and duration was determined through solar observations. This calendar had a duration of 12 months, each of them had 30 days, so they made a total of 360 days. To these 360 days, according to JA Belmonte, were added the Five on the Year, five additional days that at least during the New Kingdom, were dedicated to the 5 most important gods for the Egyptians: Osiris, Isis, Set, Nephthys, and Horus. The Egyptians thought that these days, which were considered part of the 360 days, were the respective days of the birth of each god Like the lunar calendar, the civil calendar based on the sun also presents problems. This 365-day calendar did not have a leap year, so each year the departure of Sopdet was delayed for a few more hours. The civil calendar remained official until the Roman Period (30 BCE-395 CE), at which time it was replaced by the Alexandrian calendar which was practically the same but adding one more day every four years. The Egyptians measured the time during the day with the help of the Sun and the shadows projected according to the Sun position, like the sundial. They also had a method to know the hours during the night. They had a list of stars they called decans that were identified with different hours of the night in various parts of the year. During the reign of Amenhotep, I, during the period of the New Kingdom (1560-1070 BCE) appeared clocks that did not need the help of the sun and the stars to show the time of day. This object used to measure time was called Clepsydra and it was formed by a container full of water with a small perforation in the bottom part through which the drops of water passed to reach another container where it was collected. The inside of the first vessel was inscribed at different levels to mark the hours, which was the shortest unit of time that the ancient Egyptians could measure. Religious beliefs also helped to develop Egyptian architecture. Due to the concept of life after death, the ancient Egyptians had the belief that the objects that they possessed during their life were going to be necessary in the next. At first, they only believed that the pharaohs were the only ones who could carry out this process, so they built tombs in which to house the mummified body of Pharaoh and the great treasures he would need in the afterlife. The Egyptians prepared their passes to the afterlife with their graves. During the Archaic Period and the Old Kingdom, the tombs of the pharaohs took great importance. They started to build a building call mastaba The mastabas were truncated pyramids of rectangular base with an underground funerary building. With time, the mastabas would give place to the pharaonic pyramids. The mastabas were, at first, built with adobe bricks; However, for these tombs to better withstand the passage of time, Egyptians began to use the stone as constructive material. In the mastabas, the body of the deceased was deposited in a funeral chamber that was located a few meters underground. Access to this chamber was through a well that, sometimes, it was covered with stones to protect the body from possible thieves. In addition, the cameras of the mastaba were decorated with paintings in which they often presented scenes of daily life. The idea of building a pyramid was due to the desire to build more spectacular mastabas, superimposing different mastabas each time smaller. During the Third Dynasty, the pyramid was staggered, with six levels corresponding to the superposition of six mastabas. The body of the deceased was in a chamber excavated underground and under the pyramid. In addition, around the pyramid were different buildings with different functions. The construction of the pyramids was a monumental work involving thousands of workers, tons and thousands of stone blocks, precise calculations and time. During the New Kingdom, and since the pyramids were frequently looted, the pharaohs decided to hide their tombs, that were made inside the rock of the mountains. They wanted to hinder the arrival of thieves to the chamber where the Pharaohs body rested and to the chambers where his rich funeral trousseau was located (furniture, valuable objects and precious metals ). For this reason, the tombs were made at the end of long corridors. In addition, there were dead-end corridors, wells and guards at the entrance. The walls of these tombs were richly decorated, with numerous paintings. The civil buildings were built with adobe bricks, which is not preserved as well as the stone of religious buildings. Like the rest of the Egyptian houses, the palace was also built of adobe and, therefore, almost no remains remain; only the foundations. The palace was profusely decorated with paintings and reliefs. In addition, many people lived there (royal family, servants, guards ). For this reason, it was large and had different adjoining constructions. It was also surrounded by rich gardens. The temples were always built on the eastern bank of the Nile, where the sun rose. Generally, in accesses of the temples were statues of sphinxes that had the symbolic function of protecting the temple. Works Cited Belmonte, Juan A. La Astronom? ­a en Egipto, el origen del calendario. (The Astronomy in Egypt, the Origin of the calendar) National Geographic. 25 Apr. 2013. https://www.nationalgeographic.com.es/historia/grandes-reportajes/la-astronomia-en-egipto_7198/2 Manchip White, Jon. Everyday Life in Ancient Egypt. Dover Publications, INC. 2015ed. Soravilla Espa? ±, Luis E. Tecnolog? ­a y Cultura en el Antiguo Egipto (Technology and Culture in Ancient Egypt). TFC: Josep Cervell Autuori Veiga, Paula Alexandra da Silva. Health and Medicine in Ancient Egypt: Magic and Science. Archaeopress, 2009. What Life Was like on the Banks of the Nile: Egypt 3050-30 BC. Time-Life Books, 2004.

The Effectiveness of Prison Education Rehabilitation Essay...

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